6. PRoject Monarch
Greenbaum Speech
As mentioned by Michael Barkun, author of A Culture of Conspiracy, there have been claims that there existed a subproject of MK-Ultra, known as Project Monarch, operated by international pedophile rings, drug barons, and Satanists, who allegedly used a form of “trauma-based mind control programming” to create mind-controlled sex slaves.[1] Although there is no mention of a “Project Monarch” in the available literature, a number of victims have come forward to describe similar experiences. Evidence is found in CIA’s MK-Ultra Subproject 136 undertaken in 1961, which was devoted to the study ESP among children, mediums and schizophrenics. The purpose was not to determine if ESP exists, but rather to determine the personality factors that contributed to ESP skills, and any other factors to be considered in using ESP as a method of communication. As the study noted, “any positive results along these lines would have obvious utility to the Agency.”[2] The CIA document then outlines what would soon become the hallmark of this particular trajectory of MK-Ultra, the inducement of Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD), later renamed dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to the document: “in working with individual subjects, special attention will be given to dissociative states, which tend to accompany spontaneous ESP experiences. Such states can be induced and controlled to some extent with hypnosis and drugs.”[3] Additionally:
Learning studies will be instituted in which the subject will be rewarded or punished for his overall performance and reinforced in various ways—with electric shock, etc…. In other cases drugs and psychological tricks will be used to modify his attitudes. The experimenters will be particularly interested in dissociative states… to multiple personality in so-called mediums, and an attempt will be made to induce a number of states of this kind, using hypnosis.[4]
According to Colin Ross, author of The CIA Doctors: Human Rights Violations by American Psychiatrists, it was under Subproject 136 that Manchurian Candidate programming was undertaken. Ross mentions that one purpose for writing his book was to prove that the major goal of the Cold War mind control experimentation was to create dissociative symptoms and disorders, including MPD. The Manchurian Candidate, maintains Ross, was in fact created by the CIA in the 1950’s under BLUEBIRD and ARTICHOKE mind control programs.
The only mind control doctor who has publicly acknowledged the creation of Manchurian Candidates was George Estabrooks, (1895 – 1973), a Canadian-American psychologist and authority on hypnosis during World War II. He was a Harvard University graduate, a Rhodes Scholar, and chairman of the Department of Psychology at Colgate University. Estabrooks claimed to have created split personalities in spies through the use of hypnosis. One personality would be programmed to be loyal to the enemy’s ideology, and unaware of the secrets learned by the a second personality, which they would convey to the appropriate doctor aware of the necessary hypnotic triggers. In his book Hypnotism, Estabrooks effectively states that the creation of experimental multiple personality for operational use in military subjects is a means justified by the ends. In a May 13, 1968, article in the Providence Evening Bulletin, Estabrooks is described as a former consultant for the FBI and CIA, and is quoted as saying that, “the key to creating an effective spy or assassin rests in splitting a man’s personality, or creating multipersonality, with the aid of hypnotism… This is not science fiction. This has and is being done. I have done it.”[5]
Estabrooks was also very well connected in academia, and corresponded with Aldous Huxley, and his brother, Sir Julian Huxley. The maniacal ideas that would have inspired this experimentation were expressed in 1949, as usual, by Aldous Huxley, the great fiend of the twentieth century. In a letter to his friend and pupil George Orwell, comparing their novels Brave New World and Nineteen Eighty-Four, Huxley wrote:
I have had occasion recently to look into the history of animal magnetism and hypnotism, and have been greatly struck by the way in which, for a hundred and fifty years, the world has refused to take serious cognizance of the discoveries of Mesmer, Braid, Esdaile, and the rest...
But now psychoanalysis is being combined with hypnosis; and hypnosis has been made easy and indefinitely extensible through the use of barbiturates, which induce a hypnoid and suggestible state in even the most recalcitrant subjects.
Within the next generation I believe that the world’s rulers will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging and kicking them into obedience…
CIA involvement in this agenda was exposed by D. Corydon Hammond, a respected doctor and professor who specialized in treating patients with alter-personalities, when he gave a speech, known widely as the “Greenbaum Speech,” where he claimed to have learned from his patients that MK-Ultra was tied in an international network of Satanists who came to the US with the Nazis, and suffered ritual abuse from Dr. L. Wilson Greene, Technical Director of the Chemical and Radiological Laboratories at the Army Chemical Center, through whom, according to Allen Dulles, the CIA became interested in psychoactive substances.[6] The Greenbaum Speech was titled “Hypnosis in MDP: Ritual Abuse, delivered at the Fourth Annual Easter Regional Conference on Abuse and Multiple Personality, at the Fourth Annual Eastern Regional Conference on Abuse and Multiple Personality, on June 25, 1992, at the Radisson Plaza Hotel, Mark Center, Alexandria, Virginia. Hammond claimed his patients had revealed that during World War II, Allen Dulles and other intelligence people were in Switzerland looking for ways to bring former Nazi scientists to the United States. Among them was a teenager a teenager, who had been raised in a Hasidic Jewish tradition and a background of Kabbalistic mysticism, which became associated with Satanism through the influence of Aleister Crowley. The boy had saved himself by collaborating in the death-camp experiments with the Nazi doctors, who were also Satanists. When he was brought to America, the boy changed his name to Dr. Green, obtained a medical degree, and continued his work that became the center of Cult Programming.
As Hammond discovered, there were several levels of programming, each named after a different letter of the Greek alphabet. Alpha appears to represent general programming. Beta is for sexual programs. For example, particular ways to perform oral sex, how to perform sex in rituals, or related to producing child pornography, and prostitution. Delta is for how to kill during occult ceremonies. Theta is for producing what are called psychic killers. According to Hammond, this comes from the belief in various sorts of psychic abilities, including being able to psychically communicate with “mother,” or the ability to psychically cause someone to die from a brain aneurysm. Finally, Omega is for self-destruct programming: Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end.
As to their goal, Hammond added, “My best guess is that the purpose of it is that they want an army of Manchurian Candidates, tens of thousands of mental robots who will do prostitution, do child pornography, smuggle drugs, engage in international arms smuggling, do snuff films, all sorts of very lucrative things and do their bidding and eventually the megalomaniacs at the top believe they’ll create a Satanic Order that will rule the world.” This programming, he claimed, is often done on military bases. The cult was allegedly composed of respectable, powerful members of society who used the funds generated to further their agenda. His patients referred to them as the “Illuminati,” who appear to maintain counsels in several parts of the world and one internationally. As to whether or not it is all true, Hammond answered:
Well, I can’t definitely tell you that it is. What I can say is I now believe that ritual-abuse programming is widespread, is systematic, is very organized from highly esoteric information which is published nowhere, has not been on any book or talk show, that we have found all around this country and at least one foreign country.[7]
The darker implications of this experimentation have been associated with what is known as Project Monarch, which was named in Trance Formation of America by Cathy O’Brien, who claims to have been a victim of what she said was part of MK-Ultra’s mind control program. O’Brien says she was recruited against her will by the CIA and her abusive father as a child, through a network of child pornographers he was involved with, and forced to participate in Project Monarch, through which she was induced with dissociative identity disorder, or the creation of “alters.” O’Brien also states that she has a recollection of child abuse by international pedophile rings, drug barons and Satanists, as part of a sex slave aspect to her “trauma-based mind control programming.” Individuals from United States, Canadian, Mexican and Saudi Arabian government officials to stars of the Country and Western music scene are among those she accuses of these crimes. During the 1980s O’Brien claims she was working as a mind-controlled courier, running messages to and transporting drugs from such individuals as Senator Byrd, Baby Doc Duvalier, drug lord Jose Busto, Ronald Reagan, and others. The book was co-authored with Cathy’s husband Mark Phillips, who used hypnosis in order to de-program her and to recall her purported memories. Phillips claims to be “recognized internationally by mental health and law enforcement professionals as an authority on the secret science concerning external control of the mind,” though he fails to provide any evidence to substantiate the claim. Regrettably, as indicated by Jim Keith, author of Mind Control World Control, how much of O’Brien’s account may be true or whether the book is a complete hoax, “We may never know, but we can know with a good deal of certainty that Trance Formation of America is not what it purports to be: a true recounting of a victim’s mind control ordeal.”[8]
Ritual Abuse
Specifically, MK-Ultra has an occult origin, rooted in Satanism, intended to research the possibility of reproducing “spirit” communication by effectively “conjuring” entities into designated victims, through the use of drugs, and or torture—more controversially known as Satanic ritual abuse (SRA). James Randall Noblitt, formerly an Air Force clinical psychologist and a Professor of Clinical Psychology at Alliant International University in Los Angeles, and Pamela Sue Perskin are the authors of Cult and Ritual Abuse: Its History, Anthropology, and Recent Discovery in Contemporary America, which argues that some allegations of intergenerational, ritualized abuse cults are supported by evidence. Noblitt and Perkins’ conclusion is that DID, which is a Western version of what has been known historically and anthropologically as possession, is a condition produced through ritual trauma. Noblitt and Perkins note that hypnotists commonly believe that one cannot hypnotize another individual to do anything against that person’s will, or anything that violates that person’s conscience. They authors observe, however, that in cult programming, the trauma caused by the horror of ritual abuse and violence creates states of dissociation, or DID, where survivors report the loss of their normal sense of executive control. Noblitt therefore defines programming as “the manipulation or traumatization of alter personalities, fragments or other dissociated mental states or entities for the purpose of mind control.[9]
The authors cite Henri Ellenberger’s book The Discovery of the Unconscious (1970), which provides contributions of Pierre Janet, Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, and Carl Jung, and which traced the ancestry of dynamic psychiatry beginning with the magic of shamans and witchdoctors through the historic European accounts of demonic possession. Ellenberger concluded, “Possession eventually disappeared, but it was replaced by multiple personality.”[10] Josef Breuer and Freud wrote:
The more we occupied ourselves with these phenomena the more certain became our convictions that the splitting of consciousness, so striking in the familiar classical cases of double consciousness, exists rudimentarily in every hysteria, and that the tendency to this dissociation, and with it the tendency towards the appearance of abnormal states of consciousness which we comprehend as “hypnoid states,” is the chief phenomenon of this neurosis. In this view we agree with Binet and with both the Janets.[11]
One of the earliest professional references to ritual abuse is from Dr. Karl Menninger’s The Human Mind (1930), a popular book on psychiatry, that mentioned the Black Mass, satanism and devil worship as real and occurring in large cities in Europe and the United States, under extreme secrecy. However, ever since the profusion of accusations of SRA that emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, following the publication of Michelle Remembers, these reports have been dismissed as a “moral panic” and the result of “false memory syndrome.” For example, anthropologist Jean LaFontaine, in the 1998 book Speak of the Devil, didn’t deny that rituals took place, but strangely suggest that they were invented by child abusers to frighten their victims or justify the abuse whose primary goal was sexual gratification, rather than ritualistic or religious. However, in 2001 and 2002, British psychoanalyst and psychotherapist Valerie Sinason and her colleague Robert Hale, in a pilot study funded by the Department of Health, and released by the Freedom of Information Act, concluded that they found clinical evidence for the widespread practice of satanic ritual abuse in the United Kingdom.
Noblitt and Perkins cite numerous books by professional psychiatrists and therapists who have found empirical evidence to support claims of SRA. One of the earliest reviews of the literature was published in Valerie Sinason’s Treating Survivors of Satanist Abuse (1994). In the same year, Kathleen Faller’s article “Ritual Abuse: A Review of the Research” (1994) provided a detailed critical analysis of the empirical studies, noting that there is corroborating evidence for some RA allegations. A section on ritual abuse in Memory, Trauma, Treatment and the Law by Daniel Brown, Alan Scheflin, and Cory Hammond (1998) discussed selective but representative studies also concluded that some of the evidence supports SRA claims. Reviews of organized abuse that include the topic of ritual abuse were published by Gough, Kelly, and Scott (1993) and more recently in Michael Salter’s scholarly paper, “Organised Abuse: A Neglected Category of Sexual Abuse with Significant Lifetime Mental Healthcare Sequelae.”
Noblitt and Perkins also list examples of authors who were qualified professionals as well as ritual abuse survivors. For example, a survivor using the pseudonym Margaret Smith wrote the book Ritual Abuse: What It Is, Why It Happens, How to Help (1993); Barbara Jackson, a ritual abuse survivor and Harvard-educated biochemist, who spoke regarding her experience of ritual abuse at the National Conference on Crimes against Children in September 1993 in Washington, D.C.; Dr. Cathy Kezelman, a physician in Australia, described her own past ritual abuse experience and recovery in her book Innocence Revisited: A Tale in Parts (2010). The author of Breaking the Circle of Satanic Ritual Abuse (1992) and Cover-Up of the Century (1994), by Daniel Ryder, was reportedly both a survivor and therapist. In the ritual abuse survivor autobiography Silent No More: The Lamb Speaks, the author, Dr. Margaret Lamb Johnson Hayes, wrote, “If I, as a board-certified psychiatrist and a former officer of the U.S. Air Force and the Foreign Service, am not credible, who is?”[12]
The experiences reported tend to be consistent. For example, Pamela Hudson (1991), who assessed 24 children in a case of alleged ritual abuse at a Fort Bragg day care center in California, identified 16 forms of abuse: (1) being locked in a cage or “jail”; (2) being told that their parents, pets, or younger siblings would be killed if they told anyone of the abuse; (3) being buried in the ground in coffins which they called “boxes”; (4) being held underwater; (5) being threatened with guns and knives; (6) being injected with needles, bled, drugged; (7) being photographed during the abuse; (8) being tied upside down over a “star,” hung from a pole or hook, burned with candles; (9) perpetrators wearing black robes, masks; (10) having participated in a mock marriage; (11) being defecated and urinated upon; (12) having observed animals killed; (13) having observed torture or molestation of other children; (14) having seen children and babies killed; (15) having blood poured on their heads; and (16) being taken to churches, other day care settings, people’s homes, and graveyards for the ritual abuse. Of these, 13 children acknowledged experiencing at least one of the listed abuses, not counting the 14th. Four children reported number 14, seeing children and babies killed.[13]
Human Ecology Society (HES)
On March 15, 1995, New Orleans clinical social worker Valerie B. Wolf and two of her clients, Claudia S. Mullen and Christina Denicola Ebner, appeared before President Clinton’s Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments in Washington DC to testify about the abuse they endured, particularly under the supervision of Dr. L. Wilson Greene.[14] According to Wolf, Dr. Greene is probably the most consistent name reported by almost all trauma victims. He went under the names of Dr. Green, Dr. Greenbaum, Greentree, Greenberg.[15] According to Ebner, her father was involved with Dr. Greene who performed radiation as well as mind control and drug experiments on her in Tucson, Arizona, from 1966 to 1973. She believed his objective was to train her to be a spy assassin. Her first significant memory took place at Kansas City University in 1966, when she was four years old. She was strapped down, naked, spread-eagled on a table on her back, with electrodes on her body, and he was attempting to burn different images into her. Between each sequence he used electroshock and pronounced hypnotic commands. She was taught how to pick locks, be secretive, use my photographic memory and a technique to withhold information by repeating numbers to herself. He often bound her in a cage near his office.[16]
Mullen reported that Greene once related to Dr. Charles Brown that “children were used as subjects because they were more fun to work with and cheaper too. They needed lower profile subjects than soldiers and government people so only young willing females would do. Besides,” he said, “I like scaring them. They in the Agency think I am a God, creating subjects in experiments for whatever deviant purposes Sid [Sidney Gottlieb] and James [Dr. James Hamilton] could think up.” Dr. James Hamilton, a Stanford Medical School psychiatrist, worked closely with his OSS colleague, George H. White, the head of Operation Climax.
Mullen was told she was going to be part of a called Imaginative Research, and which came under the heading MK-Ultra, project 74, and she was subject #3. In 1958, Mullen was told she was to be tested by some important doctors from the Human Ecology Society (HES). The HES was headed by Lieutenant Colonel James L. Monroe, a physician and Air Force officer, and high-ranking officer in the Pentagon’s Prisoner of War Office. He supervised the work of Albert D. Biderman, a seminal figure in the Cold War’s brainwashing programs, who was a Senior Research Associate in Social Psychology at the Bureau of Social Science Research. Immediately following World War II, Biderman was recruited to participate in interrogation of Nazi scientists on the results of their research, which evolved into Paperclip. Beginning about 1956, Monroe was assigned by an official John Gittinger, an official of the CIA’s Technical Services Staff (TSS) to personally oversee the experiments of Dr. D. Ewen Cameron at McGill.[17]
Gittinger was a witness and identified as a CIA psychologist at Senate hearings into Project MK-Ultra.[18] Gittinger’s participation in MK-Ultra is discussed by John Marks in The Search for the Manchurian Candidate. In the postwar years, Gittinger superseded Henry A. Murray, and would rise in the CIA, where he developed the Personality Assessment System (PAS) and how to use it to manipulate people. Henry A. Murray, the Director of the Harvard Psychological Clinic, was a recruit to the sex-cult of his friend, the psychologist Carl Jung. In collaboration with Walter Langer, Murray created a report commissioned in 1943 by Bill Donovan of the OSS, titled “Analysis of the Personality of Adolph Hitler.” Gittinger refined both Murray’s assessment function and Walter Langer’s indirect analysis of foreign leaders. Gittinger’s methods would become an integral part of the CIA’s operations, and he would become the protégé of Sidney Gottlieb, who headed the MK-Ultra program.[19]
Martin Orne
After she was tested by Gittinger, Cameron and Greene, Mullen was told by Sid Gottlieb that she “was ripe for the big A” meaning ARTICHOKE. The next year, when she was nine years old, she was sent to a lodge in Maryland called Deep Creek Cabins to learn how to sexually please men and to coerce them into talking about themselves while being taped by hidden camera. Apparently, Richard Helms, who was Deputy Director of the CIA, Gottlieb, George White, Morris Allan all planned on filling as many high government agency officials and heads of academic institutions and foundations as possible with blackmailed candidates, to assure continued funding for mind control and radiation projects. Mullen was also taken to Masonic lodges, where she recalled, “These people go crazy at these parties. These men, they just get drunk and… they pass you around… it’s horrible what they do.”[20] She was told “this is to help stop Communism.” She met with Helms many times, and many other CIA officials. They would say to her, “call me Uncle.” Every now and then they would expect “a favor,” but without being filmed.[21]
Dr. Margaret Singer
Somehow, Mullen said, they managed to film almost everything except Dr. Martin Orne, a Harvard University professor who was one of Timothy Leary’s associates at Harvard, who worked with the Technical Science Division of Edgewood Arsenal as did Greene.[23] Orne experimentally hypnotized and tested Harvard students and sent their scores to Gittinger at the CIA for analysis.[24] Orne was one of at least two MKULTRA subcontractors testifying on Patti Hearst’s behalf, in addition to Jolyon West, a friend of Aldous Huxley. Orne’s testimony made the claim that Hearst feared for her life and followed the Symbionese Liberation Army’s orders.[25] Dr. Robert J. Lifton, co-founder of the Human Ecology Society, testified as a defense witness, arguing that the Symbionese Liberation Army, had employed techniques similar to those he wrote about in Thought Reform, his detailed account of the experiences of fifteen Chinese citizens and twenty-five Westerners who underwent attempts at “brainwashing” by the Communist Chinese government.[26] Orne also published chapters in books edited by G.H. Estabrooks and Louis Jolyon West.[27]
Lifton’s colleague and good friend, Dr. Margaret Singer, also testified at the Hearst trial. Singer, in 1953, was a staff psychologist at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, D.C., where she specialized in studying returned Korean War POWs. In this position, she frequently came in contact with Albert D. Biderman, who was among the scientists involved in the MK-Ultra front, the Human Ecology Society (HES).[28] Biderman is known for a 1957 Air Force study of “Chinese Communist” interrogation methodology (commonly referred to as “brainwashing”) that the United States alleged were used during the Korean War to obtain confessions.
Jim Jones
Singer commended the book as Raven: The Untold Story of the Rev. Jim Jones and His People – the CIA’s code-name for Jim Jones–by San Francisco Examiner reporters Tim Reiterman and John Jacobs, “the definitive psychohistory of Jim Jones.” Raven, she offered, which completely side-steps CIA involvement, conveyed “the essence of psychological and social processes that Jim Jones, the ultimate manipulator, set in motion.”[29] Like Jonestown, according to Alex Constantine, “the Symbionese Liberation Army was a mind control creation unleashed by the Agency.”[30] Michael Meiers, author of Was Jonestown a CIA Medical Experiment?, scavenged for information on the People’s Temple for six years, concluding: “The Jonestown experiment was conceived by Dr. Layton, staffed by Dr. Layton and financed by Dr. Layton. It was as much his project as it was Jim Jones” [31] Dr. Lawrence Laird Layton of the University of California at Berkeley was formerly a chemist for the Manhattan Project and head of the Army’s chemical warfare research division in the early 1950s. His son Larry Layton, led the death squad that murdered Congressman Leo Ryan, who had arrived at the compound in Guyana to investigate the cult.[32]
False Memory Syndrome Foundation
Peter Freyd
Martin Orne was also a founding member of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF), a CIA front designed to cover up revelations of its abuses. As noted by S. J. Dallam, two consistent findings have emerged from research on child sexual abuse. First, the problem is widespread, as indicated in Finkelhor’s “The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse,” in Child Abuse & Neglect (1994). Secondly, child abuse is extensively undisclosed and underreported, according to Lawson & Chaffin, in “False negatives in sexual abuse disclosure interviews,” for the Journal of Interpersonal Violence (1992). As revealed by Dziech & Schudson, in On trial: America’s courts and their treatment of sexually abused children, even when reported, child sexual abuse is extremely difficult to prosecute and few perpetrators are ever brought to justice. Children rarely invent stories of abuse, as shown in Goodwin, Sahd & Rada, “Incest hoax: False accusations, false denials,” for Bulletin of American Academy of Psychiatry & Law (1979), and Thoennes & Tjaden in “The extent, nature, and validity of sexual abuse allegations in custody and visitation disputes,” for Child Sexual Abuse & Neglect (1990).
Nevertheless, Dallam indicated, accused parents, many of whom were affluent and respected members of the community, sought out defense lawyers and psychological experts who devised the new concept, “False Memory Syndrome,” despite the fact that it remained undefined and had never been the subject of any research.[33] Nevertheless, the term was advanced as an alternative explanation for memories of sexual abuse, and in 1992 the False Memory Syndrome Foundation was founded. After surveying its members, the FMSF reported that most parents who joined the organization were concerned that they were going to be sued by their children, and a number of them had even been criminally prosecuted of molesting children.[34]
The FMSF was created by Pamela and Peter Freyd, after their daughter, Jennifer Freyd, a professor of psychology at the University of Oregon, openly leveled accusations of abuse against them at an August 1993 mental health conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan. “I refer to the things that were never ‘forgotten’ and ‘recovered,’ but to things that we all knew about,” she clarified. She referenced her father’s alcoholism as an example. “During my childhood, my father sometimes discussed his own experiences of being sexually abused as an 11 year-old boy, and called himself a ‘kept boy.’” Peter Freyd eventually became involved in male prostitution as an adolescent.[35]
The Freyd’s own psychiatrist, Dr. Harold Lief, a close colleague of Orne and an advisory board member of the FMSF, denied the allegations.[36] Lief’s academic writing includes, “Orgasm in the Postoperative Transsexual” for Archives of Sexual Behavior, and an exploration of the possibility of life after death for a journal on mental diseases edited by Foundation fellow Paul McHugh. Lief is a director of the Center for Sexuality and Religion, past president of the Sex Information and Education Council. With the help of Lief and Orne, the FMSF quickly gathered a respectable appearing advisory board, giving the new syndrome an aura of scientific acceptance.[37] These included and psychologist Elizabeth Loftus, and sociologist Richard Ofshe. Ofshe has filed a suit, with Margaret Singer, for $30 million against the American Psychological Association for engaging in a “conspiracy” to “destroy” their reputations and prevent them from testifying in the courtroom.[38]
Elizabeth Loftus
Loftus, a professor of psychology and law at the University of Washington in Seattle. In 2002, Loftus was ranked 58th in the Review of General Psychology’s list of the 100 most influential psychological researchers of the twentieth century. Loftus had also testified on behalf of mass murderer Ted Bundy. After criticizing the theory of recovered memory and testifying against allegations of child sexual abuse Loftus was subject to online criticism by Diana Napolis, an American former social worker, also known by her on-line pseudonym Curio, who believed Loftus was engaged in satanic ritual abuse or assisted in covering up these crimes as part of a larger conspiracy.[39]
After 20 years, Loftus suddenly quit the APA in 1996, arguing that the association was moving “far from scientific thinking and more toward therapeutic and professional guild interests.”[40] Later it turned out that in 1995 two separate ethics complaints had been filled with the APA against her. Jennifer Hoult and Lynn Crook, who had recovered memories corroborating evidence of severe childhood sexual abuse, sued their fathers and won. Hoult's father, who was defended by Loftus, appealed the case, but lost each time. Jennifer was awarded $500,000 in damages. Nevertheless, Jennifer’s father became an active member of the FMSF after the trial.[41]
Ralph Underwager, founder of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation
A field known as psychohistory accuses most anthropologists and ethnologists of being apologists for incest, infanticide, cannibalism and child sacrifice. Lloyd DeMause, one the leading proponents of psychohistory, wrote an article for the Journal of Psychohistory, titled “Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children,” where he labelled the sceptics of the abuse, including the FMSF, as “molesters” and “pedophile advocates.”[42] Major contributors and researchers affiliated with the FMSF are usually either accused molesters, members of pedophile advocacy groups, or in the case of Ralph Underwager, appeared in journals such as Paidika: The Journal of Paedophilia.[43] Underwager, a pastor of Lutheran Churches in Iowa and Minnesota, who was a member of the foundation’s scientific advisory board in 1993, told Paidika:
Paedophiles can boldly and courageously affirm what they choose. They can say that what they want is to find the best way to love. I am also a theologian and as a theologian, I believe it is God’s will that there be closeness and intimacy, unity of the flesh, between people. A paedophile can say: “This closeness is possible for me within the choices that I’ve made.”[44]
Underwager was a prolific defense expert for people accused of child sexual abuse, who by the late 1980s had appeared in court cases more than 200 times in the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Britain. Examples of his tactics included arguing that the children’s testimony of abuse was the result of brainwashing by social workers using Communist brainwashing techniques.[45] The accused couple were acquitted, and joined with Underwager in 1984 to form VOCAL, a lobby group for people who had been accused of child abuse by social services. Within a year of its establishment, VOCAL claimed 3000 members in 100 chapters across America.[46] VOCAL members picketed hospitals, courts and social service departments who they characterized as staffed by “Gestapo-like” “fanatics,” “quacks and zealots” who remove children solely based on “rumours.”[47] VOCAL criticized child abuse prevention programs, claiming that they create sexually aware children who might misinterpret innocent touch from an adult.[48] After Underwager’s comments in Paidika came to light, he resigned from the FMSF's scientific advisory board. However, Underwager later stated that “radical feminists who have self-styled themselves as sex-abuse experts” had taken the interview out of context and used to discredit his ability to testify in courts and damage the reputation of the FMSF.[49]
Virginia McMartin
Paul and Shirley Eberle, who have been speakers at a conference held by VOCAL, were the first American journalists to write a popularly acclaimed book defending victims of false child abuse accusations. The Eberles wrote two books on the subject. The first, The Politics of Child Abuse (1986), examined a number of celebrated multi-victim/multi-perpetrator molestation scandals. The second, The Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool Trial (1993), was one of the most widely cited books claiming that cult abuse reports were mass hysteria is Paul and Shirley Eberle’s The Abuse of Innocence: The McMartin Preschool Trial.
The McMartin preschool trial was a day care sexual abuse case in the 1980s, Members of the McMartin family, who operated a preschool in Manhattan Beach, California, were charged with numerous acts of sexual abuse of children in their care. In preparation for the case, 389 children were interviewed, and nearly all of them described abuse at the preschool, and do to this day. Some 80% had physical symptoms, including blunt force trauma of sexual areas, scarring, rectal bleeding and sexual diseases.[50] The parents of the McMartin preschoolers hired scientists and technicians who unearthed a series of underground tunnels beneath the school, confirming the children’s testimony. Forensic tests on thousands of objects found at the site included two hundred animal bones. The tunnels were dug in 1966, the year of the schools construction by the father of the defendant, Charles Buckey.[51]
The Eberles instead sought to portray the accused abusers as victims of mass hysteria, satanic panic and a witch hunt. However, the Eberles had been called “the most prolific publishers of child pornography in the United States” by Sgt. Toby Tyler, a San Bernadino deputy sheriff who is nationally recognized as an expert on child pornography.[52] As reported in Ms Magazine in 1988, the Eberles edited a soft-core magazine in California called the L.A. Star, that contained a mixture of nude photos and promos for The Politics of Child Abuse. That is despite the fact that the Eberles had been called “the most prolific publishers of child pornography in the United States” by Sgt. Toby Tyler, a San Bernadino deputy sheriff who is nationally recognized as an expert on child pornography.[53] In the 1970’s, the Eberles had been publishing hard-core publication, Finger, which bondage, S & M, and featured articles with titles like “Sexpot at Five,” “My First Rape, She Was Only Thirteen,” and “What Happens When Niggers Adopt White Children.”[54]
Well-known skeptic James Randi, the “Amazing Randi,” was a member of the Advisory Board of the FMSF and co-founder of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP), together with Paul Kurz and Ray Hyman of the FMSF. The James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) offered a prize of $1,000,000 to anyone able to demonstrate a supernatural ability under scientific testing criteria agreed to by both sides. Authors Isaac Asimov and Arthur C. Clarke have called him “a national treasure,” and scientist Carl Sagan praised Randi’s book, The Truth about Uri Geller, as “a healthy antidote to charlatanism on all levels.”[55] Randi has been involved in a number of lawsuits, and part of the evidence brought against him was a tape of his telephone conversations, on which Randi was speaking to a small boy about sex and how much it would cost. This tape was played during a trial in which Randi was accused by Eldon Byrd, a good friend of Uri Geller and a former Naval Surface Weapons Center researcher, of defamation by claiming he was a known pedophile. Randi claimed it was all a setup by Byrd and that the boys on the tape were prank callers.[56]
[1] Michael Barkun. A culture of conspiracy: apocalyptic visions in contemporary America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003). p. 76.
[2] CIA MORI ID 17395, p. 18. ESP Research, 1961 and 1962. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/DOC_0000017395
[3] Ibid., p. 3.
[4] Ibid., p. 6.
[5] Colin A. Ross. The C.I.A. Doctors: Human Rights Violations by American Psychiatrists (Manitou Communications, 2006)
[6] Central Intelligence Agency, Executive Registry, Job 80–B01731R, Box 15. Secret. Retrieved from https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1950-55Intel/d244
[7] Hypnosis in MPD: Ritual Abuse—The Greenbaum Speech. Retrieved from http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/greenbaum.htm
[8] Jim Keith. Mind Control World Control: The Encyclopedia of Mind Control (Adventures Unlimited Press, 2015), p. 297.
[9] Noblitt & Perskin “Cult and Ritual Abuse” (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2014).
[10] Ellenberger (1970), p. 111; cited in Noblitt & Perskin “Cult and Ritual Abuse” (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2014).
[11] cited in Noblitt & Perskin “Cult and Ritual Abuse.”
[12] Ibid.
[13] Ibid.
[14] “ACHRE Torture-Conditioning Testimony 1995.” YouTube (August 23, 2019). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xxl5oMfDyDE
[15] Wayne Morris. “Interview with Valerie Wolf, Claudia Mullen, Chris Ebner.” International Connection (March 15, 1995). Retrieved from http://members.tranquility.net/~rwinkel/CKLN/HTML/transc05.htm
[16] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RADIATION EXPERIMENTS (Wednesday, March 15, 1995). Retrieved from https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu//radiation/dir/mstreet/commeet/meet12/trnsc12a.txt
[17] H. P. Albarelli Jr.. A Terrible Mistake: The Murder of Frank Olson and the CIA's Secret Cold War Experiment (Waterville, OR: 2009).
[18] The transcripts of the select committee on intelligence and the subcommittee on health and scientific research of the committee of human resources for the ninety-fifth congress first session, August 3, 1977.
[19] Marks. The Search for the ‘Manchurian Candidate’, p. 18.
[20] Interview with Wayne Morris.
[21] Ibid.
[22] Ronson. Men Who Stare at Goats.
[23] Interview with Wayne Morris..
[24] Albarelli. A Terrible Mistake.
[25] Eric Nagourney. “Martin Orne, 72, Psychiatrist And Expert on Hypnosis, Dies.” New York Time (February 17, 2000).
[26] Albarelli. A Terrible Mistake.
[27] Colin A. Ross. The C.I.A. Doctors: Human Rights Violations by American Psychiatrists (Manitou Communications, 2006)
[28] Albarelli. A Terrible Mistake.
[29] Alex Constantine. “The CIA & The False Memory Syndrome Foundation (FMSF)” The Constantine Report (July 20, 2010). Retrieved from https://constantinereport.com/the-cia-the-false-memory-syndrome-foundation-fmsf/
[30] Ibid.
[31] Ibid.
[32] Ibid.
[33] S. J. Dallam (2002). “Crisis or Creation: A systematic examination of false memory claims.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 9 (3/4), 9-36.
[34] Ibid.
[35] Alex Constantine. Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A. (pp. 65-66). Feral House. Kindle Edition.
[36] Ibid., p. 66).
[37] S. J. Dallam (2002). “Crisis or Creation: A systematic examination of false memory claims.” Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 9 (3/4), 9-36.
[38] Constantine. Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A., p. 74.
[39] Paul Bocij. Cyberstalking: harassment in the Internet age and how to protect your family (New York: Praeger Publishers, 2004). pp. 34.
[40] Carol D. Warner, MA, MSW. Return: Dreaming and the Psychospiritual Journey (Lulu Press, Inc, 2017).
[41] Ibid.
[42] Lloyd DeMause. “Why Cults Terrorize and Kill Children.” The Journal of Psychohistory, 21 (4) 1994.
[43] Stephen Fried, “War of Remembrance.” Philadelphia, January 1994, pp. 66ff.; Elirileth M. Matz, “A Review of Portions of an Interview with Ralph Underwager and Hollida Wakefield In Paidika: A Journal of Pedophilia.” Family Violence & Sexual Assault Bulletin 9(1993): 23-27.
[44] J. Geract “Interview: Hollida Wakefield and Ralph Underwager.” Paidika: TheJournal of Paedophilia 3(1993): 3.
[45] Summit, R. C. “Ritualistic Child Abuse: A report on the seminar presented by Professor Roland Summit for the New South Wales Child Protection Council, Sydney.” NSW Child Protection Council, 1994, p. 14.
[46] D. Meinert. “Two-thirds of all child-abuse reports groundless, says study.” San Diego Union-Tribune, 1985, p. 1-6.
[47] R. Formanek Jr, “Child Abuse Waning,” The Record (November 11, 1985), p. 1; C. Gentry & P. Basofin. “Group’s Ad calls HRS ‘Gestapo-like’.” St Petersburg Times (October 17, 1989), p.b 1; P. O’Morain. “Irish Group Is Linked To Opponents of Child Abuse Programmes In US.” Irish Times (June 25, 1996), p. 7.
[48] L.A. Chung. “Abuse Experts Clash About Child Witnesses,” The San Francisco Chronicle (February 1, 1985), p. 25.
[49] R. Underwager & H. Wakefield (1994). “Misinterpretation of a Primary Prevention Effort.” Issues in Child Abuse Accusations, 6 (2): 96–107.
[50] Constantine. Psychic Dictatorship in the U.S.A., p. 77.
[51] Ibid., p. 84.
[52] The Tampa Tribune-Times (July 25, 1993), p. 10.
[53] Ibid.
[54] Maria Laurina. “Paul and Shirley Eberle: A Strange Pair of Experts.” Ms. Magazine (1988).
[55] “About FMSF - Advisory Board Profiles.” False Memory Syndrome Foundation.” Retrieved from http://www.fmsfonline.org/?about=AdvisoryBoardProfiles
[56] Norris P. West. “Magician defamed scientist, jury rules.” The Baltimore Sun (June 5, 1993).